Business Frontiers operates a double-blind peer review process: reviewers do not know the identity of the authors, and authors do not know the identity of the reviewers.

•      Stage 1 — Editorial screening: within [7] days the Editor-in-Chief or a handling editor checks scope, structure, English, ethics declarations and similarity. Out-of-scope or non-compliant manuscripts are desk-rejected with reasons.

•      Stage 2 — External review: at least two independent reviewers with relevant subject expertise are invited. Reviewers are asked to assess originality, theoretical grounding, methodological rigour, validity of the analysis, clarity, ethical compliance and contribution.

•      Stage 3 — Decision: accept; minor revision; major revision; reject. Where reviewers disagree materially, a third reviewer is appointed. The final decision rests with the Editor-in-Chief.

•      Stage 4 — Revision: authors submit a revised manuscript with a point-by-point response. Revised manuscripts are normally returned to the original reviewers.

•      Reviewers must declare any conflict of interest and decline the invitation where one exists. Reviewers must treat the manuscript as confidential and must not use its content for their own advantage or share it with third parties, including generative AI tools.

•      Editors who are authors of a submitted manuscript take no part in its handling; the manuscript is assigned to another editor and the process is documented.